The abstract concept develops from the opposition to the figuration.
The abstract painting becomes the exteriorización of the liberty of the spirit,
reflected through colors and forms.
The abstract art leaves back the representation of a theme or a figurative matter and substitutes it for an autonomous visual language, with own meaning.
It is understood for abstract painting that that omits completely the object and the figure and the painting is composed by means of the combination of lines and colors.
It arises around 1910, but there were several the tendencies of the historic vanguard the ones that finished flowing into a not figurative creations. The abstraction is the result of a tendency that summarize and synthesize the ideas that begins at the ends of the S. XIX, with Gaugain,Van Gogh and Cézanne, and that continues with the simplification of the theme through the Fauvism, the Cubism and the Futurism. Thus therefore, we find us facing a movement that already came outlining since the previous century and that seeks the absolute renewal of the painting.
The abstraction is not an unique movement, does neither obey to a common esthetic program. Inside the abstraction we find two ways, both are coming from the search of an order and a rationality with no immediate references to the exterior world.
The first one has elaborated itself from the fauvists and Expressionistic experiences
that exalt the force of the color. This one is called lyrical abstraction. The second, call geometric abstraction, is supported in the cubist structure.
LYRICAL ABSTRACTION.
It defends a language based on the symbolic and expressive function of the colors. Through a series of splashes of color it intends to express the state of mind of the artist and to provoke an impression in the spectator's mind.
WASSILY KANDINSKY
He arrived to an abstraction impregnated of feelings, his painting achieves to awake the emotion in the spectator. For him, the art should express the spirit, the interior reality, the states of spirit, the feelings. This is what will carry him to suppress the title in many of his works. In 1910 he painted the first watercolor without theme, known as "First abstract watercolor". On an imaginary space float and move abstract colored forms in which not mimetic references are found. The fluency of the splashes of color and the nervous gesture of the lines configure a space of a great dynamism. From this moment he begins to paint canvas full of chromatic spots and simplified forms. The unimportant of the natural surrounding and his tendency to the abstract carried him to paint a series of works that he himself called Impressions, Improvisations and Compositions,
ROBERT DELAUNAY
During a time he cultivated the Cubism, but soon he entered into the abstraction current. He dedicated himself to the investigation of the color and the light. Stimulated also by the Cubism and the futuristic dynamism he practiced an abstraction with alive colors, freely organized around a quite elementary geometric structure. This purpose is very clear in his Windows. They are always flat trasparencies of geometric forms where barely there is drawing. Each plan has an independent lighting and the subject of the window will go little by little being lost until coming to be completely abstract painting. Also he carried out works with musical implications, based on the notion of visual dynamism caused by the color. By using circulate forms, the disposition of the color in the painting produces a sensation of animated rhythm. The concentric circles of the picture correspond to different chromatic harmonies,
achieving an excellent rotary dynamism.
GEOMETRIC ABSTRACTION
It is based on the laws of the geometry and in the math. It searches the simplification of the forms to its generic and more elementary presentation. The two pioneers of the geometric abstraction are Mondrian and Malevich.
PIET MONDRIAN
He searched an independent, not subjective, not sentimental painting of any historic, cultural or geographical load. He achieves this by limiting his painting vocabulary to the straight line and the right angle, that is to say, to the horizontal line and to the vertical one. He only used the three primary colors (red, yellow and blue) along with the white, the gray and the black one, and not the colors that result of its combinations. This new artistic language is called Neoplasticismo. Examples of the neoplasticismo are:
Composition in diamond with red, gray, blue, yellow and black and
Composition with river, yellow and blue.
MALEVICH
He created a style of basic forms of pure colors call Suprematismo. He seeks to reduce the painting to geometric elements such as squares, rectangles, circles and triangles, Also He practices a restrictive use of the color, until arriving at the exclusive use of the white and the black one.
The great succsess of the abstract art will be produced after World War Two with the abstract Expressionism, the European Informalism, and the Action Painting of the Minimalist art.
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