Naive is a French term that appoints the ingenuous , simple or innocent things.The naive painting is a pictorial current that utilizes a spontaneous and fresh palette of strong colors. It is an art free of conventions and technical rules, that has been maintained next to its origins of creative innocence and apparted of the rules of the
academic artistic circuit. Its appraisal as an art is produced when the modernists rescued the naive art since the indifference in which it was found, to establish it like another valid art current.
The Naive art is that that developed a group of artists which were called naifs by the circumstance of be not dedicated to the painting as a main activity, but to the margin of their respective professional occupations. They did not not have academic formation. In all the cases they were self-taught creators, and because this, its artworks are less contaminated by the academic conventionalisms.
Its qualification as ingenuous art should not be considered pejorative . It is connected with the search of the simplicity to offer to us
a pure and sincere vision of the world.
The naive painters conceive the art, not as somewhat reflexive and significant, but as a reflection of the tranquility and interior peace.This attitude has done
that its works show like main characteristic a happy and serene environment.
They have been valued as the only form of an integral artistic expression,
away to any type of external contamination.
The main characteristics of the naive art are: definite precision contours, lack of perspective, volumetric sensation obtained through an extraordinary color, meticulous and precise painting and a great expressive power, although the drawing can be incorrect.
Henri Rousseau (1844-1910) is the main representative of this group. In Rousseau it seems to be found all the naive art. He was known with the nickname of "the customs man" due to his work in the office of Customs of Paris. Although this occupation was his official one, his true passion was the painting, to which he will be overturned completely once in 1883 he retires.
His pictures collided with the conventionalisms of the middle-class of the moment. But his peculiar way to represent the reality was immediately valued
by other artists as Kandinsky, Picasso or Braque
Without being false what he paints,it is neither true. His thematic interests were centered chiefly in portraits and landscapes that developed from a language of great candor with an important dose of fantasy. As a result of its self-taught formation, his works are singled out for the extremely lineal character and the employment of some perspectives of a great conventionality, although slightly slanted ,and the employment of harmonic and subtle colors. All of these characteristics are founded in his art productions of timeless nature , as also, in his images reduced to the essence.
At present,
the growing appraisal of the naive painting has done that this current has become a style adopted more consciously, that a
spontaneous art.
ONIRIC PAINTING.
As a reaction to the futuristic dynamism, to the expressionism and to the destruction of the forms the art painting arise to the naíf and oniric painting (also called metaphysic painting).
Both are
fundamentally static and figurative art current, that are connected directly with the symbolism.
The oniric painting, to the contrary that the naíf, is the representation studied of the dream world. Because of this characteristic we can consider the oniric painting as an antecedent of the surrealism. Its static character confronts it with the futurism. It presents well designed perspectives in which depersonalized figures
are situated inside a reality without life .
The oniric painting recalls us images of our dreams, images that,
generally they are strange and illogical.
Inside this current we find Giorgio of Chirico. He is its more noticeable representative. His works are characterized for the architectural geometry, the simple volumes, a certain candor and the oniric atmosphere that appeal to the large questions of life and of the humanity. His art works show a kind of solitude, promoted with the figures of beeings and statues.
Other artists are Carlo Carrá and Giorgio Morandi.
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