Realism is a term that appoints
to an artistic movement that was born in France in 1848.
It has as antecedents at the rediscovery of the Dutch painting of the 17th Century and at the influence of the Spanish baroque teachers.
As an art movement it was opposed controversially to the romanticism
as also to the academic painting.
The realism is an style that reflects the historical reality and that does not copy mythological, religious or allegoric objects. Its fidelity to the detail differentiates it of the romantic idealization. It concentrates on the typical and essential characteristics of
the characters, situations and actions.
The disenchantment by the revolutionary failures does that the art leaves behind the political themes and concentrate on social themes. The industrialization determined the disappearance of the craft artist and the formation of a numerous working population accumulated in the cities. With this, the social and economic living conditions suffer a deep alteration, that reflects itself in the ideologies. The artists become aware of the terrible social problems as the work of children and women, the excessive schedules, the unhealthy dwellings and they consider that they should denounce these marks.
While August Compte devised the philosophy of the Positivism, who estimates that the only source of knowledge is the observation and the experience, it took place a series of scientific discoveries that promoted the formulation of an optimistic doctrine, that of the social progress.
The man is represented in his normal labors and the theme
of the fatigue becomes motive of inspiration.
Who better they represent this change are the landscape painters of the School of Barbizón, that through the landscape they transmitted
the conquest of the reality.
This Art School was created by Rousseau and it was integrated for a group of artists that were proposed to build a type of a different painting.
They carried out a direct and objective study of the nature expressing the feelings that this awoke them.
We owe them the start of the practice of painting outdoors, therefore they took their annotations and drawings directly of the nature to paint later
their final works in the study.
The purpose of the realism is not the beauty but the truth as knowledge of the reality. It defends the contemporaneousness set against the historicalness.
The realist painters give great importance to what it is happening. They seek the immediate themes, the "now". There is not better neither worse themes,
all is worthy of to be painted
The realism puts an end to the painting conceived as figured story,
the narrative sense is lost. Nothing shoud be explained, because
"The life itself is not composed of events argued".Life just happens.
partially extracted from arteespaña.com.
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